1. Zoghbi, William A.; Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice; Foster, Elyse; Grayburn, Paul A.; Kraft, Carol D.; Levine, Robert A. et al (2003): Anbefalinger til evaluering af sværhedsgraden af nativ valvulær regurgitation med todimensionel og Doppler ekkokardiografi. I Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 16 (7), s. 777-802. DOI: 10.1016/S0894-7317 (03)00335-3.
2. Zoghbi, William A.; Adams, David; Bonow, Robert O.; Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice; Foster, Elyse; Grayburn, Paul A. et al (2017): Anbefalinger for ikke-invasiv evaluering af nativ valvulær regurgitation. En rapport fra American Society of Echocardiography udviklet i samarbejde med Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. I Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : officiel publikation fra American Society of Echocardiography 30 (4), s. 303-371. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.01.007.
Aortastenose (AS)
Sygdomsdefinerende parametre
Mild stenose
Moderat stenose
Alvorlig stenose
Ventilens areal (cm²)
> 1,5
1,0-1,5
< 1,0
Normaliseret ventilareal (cm²/m²)
>0,85
0,6-0,85
< 0,6
Målte parametre
Sklerose i aorta
Mild stenose
Moderat stenose
Alvorlig stenose
Gennemsnitlig gradient (mmHg)
< 20
20-40
> 40
Spidshastighed (m/s)
1,8-2,5
2,6-2,9
3,0-4,0
> 4,0
Peak gradient (mmHg)
< 35
35-65
> 65
Hastighedsforhold (LVOT / aortaklap)
> 0,5
0,5-0,25
< 0,25
Referencer
1. Baumgartner, Helmut; Hung, Judy; Bermejo, Javier; Chambers, John B.; Evangelista, Arturo; Griffin, Brian P. et al (2009): Ekkokardiografisk vurdering af klapstenose: EAE/ASE-anbefalinger til klinisk praksis. In Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 22 (1), 1-23; quiz 101-2. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2008.11.029.
2. Baumgartner, Helmut; Hung, Judy; Bermejo, Javier; Chambers, John B.; Evangelista, Arturo; Griffin, Brian P. et al (2009): Ekkokardiografisk vurdering af klapstenose: EAE/ASE-anbefalinger til klinisk praksis. I European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology 10 (1), s. 1-25. DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jen303.
3. Vahanian, Alec; Alfieri, Ottavio; Andreotti, Felicita; Antunes, Manuel J.; Barón-Esquivias, Gonzalo; Baumgartner, Helmut et al. (2012): Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). I European heart journal 33 (19), s. 2451-2496. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs109.
4. Baumgartner, Helmut; Hung, Judy; Bermejo, Javier; Chambers, John B.; Edvardsen, Thor; Goldstein, Steven et al. (2017): Anbefalinger om ekkokardiografisk vurdering af aortaklapstenose. En fokuseret opdatering fra European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging og American Society of Echocardiography. I Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 30 (4), s. 372-392. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.02.009.
